Single Major: 87 credit hours, Forest Ecology stream; 81 credit hours,

Forest Policy and Management stream.

Double Major: A double major will be awarded when a student satisfies the major requirement in another science discipline. Note that courses from each discipline listed in Environmental Studies count towards both majors (unless it is clearly stated otherwise in that discipline’s section of the Calendar).

FOREST ECOLOGY STREAM: Required Courses:.

Core Courses : (87 Credit Hours) Students must take all of these courses:

05.1115/3 Cells and Cell Processes 

08.1111/3 Introduction to the Chemical Properties of Matter

05.1116/3 Evolution, Ecology and Biodiversity 

08.1112/3 Basic Principles of Chemical Reactivity

05.2153/3 Biology of Vascular Plants 

14.1104/3 Introduction to Economic Theory

05.2403/3 Principles of Ecology 

23.1201/3 Introductory Atmospheric Sciences

05.3152/3 Flowering Plants in Manitoba 

23.1202/3 Introductory Earth Science

05.2474/3 Forest Measurement 

23.2203/6 Geography of Soils and Vegetation

05.3471/3 Forest Ecology 

23.2309/3 Statistical Techniques in Environmental Analysis

05.3473/3 Principles of Silviculture 

23.3302/3 Principles of Geographic Information Systems

05.4471/3 Ecological Methodology 

35/2233/3 Environmental Ethics

05.4473/3 Dendrochronology: Principles and Applications 

84.1600/3 Human-Environmental Interactions

05.4474/3 Forest Health and Protection 

84.3607/3 Forests and the Environment

05.4475/3 Urban Forestry 

84.3608/3 Forest Wildlife Management

05.3476/3 Forest Policy and Management 

84.4611/6 Environmental Impact Assessment

Plus 3 credit hours field courses.

KC.RRR.1200/1 and 05.4451/2

Suggested Electives 23.3215/3 Biogeography; 23.3210/3 Hydrology; 23.4308/3 Advanced Geographic Information Systems, 05.2114/3 Zoology of the Higher Invertebrates; 05.4801/3 General Entomology; 23.2414/3 The Urban Environment; 23.2303/3 Aerial Photography, 05.3410/3 Freshwater Ecology, 23.2207/3 Weather and Climate, 05.4116/6 Biology Honours Thesis, 23.3304/3 Remote Sensing.

23.1201/3 Introductory Atmospheric Science 

23.1202/3 Introductory Earth Science

05.1115/3 Cells and Cell Processes 

05.1116/3 Evolution, Ecology and Biodiversity

08.1111/3 Introduction to the Chemical Properties of Matter 

08.1112/3 Basic Principles of Chemical Reactivity

84.1600/3 Human-Environmental Interactions 

14.1104/3 Introduction to Economic Theory

6 credit hours Humanities elective or 3 credit hours Humanities and 3 credit hours Academic Writing.

FOREST ORIENTATION KC.RRR.1200/1 (Field Week at Keewatin Community College [KCC] - [1 credit hour]).

05.2153/3 Biology of Vascular Plants 

05.2403/3 Principles of Ecology

23.2309/3 Stat. Techniques in Environmental Analysis 

23.2203/6 Geography of Soils and Vegetation

35.2233/3 Environmental Ethics

12 credit hours of electives

FOREST FIELD COURSE 05.4451/2 (two week [14 day] field course [2 credit hours]).

05.3471/3 Forest Ecology 

05.3473/3 Principles of Silviculture

23.3302/3 Principles of Geographic Information Systems 

84.3608/3 Forest Wildlife Management

05.3152/3 Flowering Plants in Manitoba 

05.3476/3 Forest Policy and Management

84.3607/3 Forests and the Environment 

05.2474/3 Forest Measurement

3 credit hours Humanities and 3 credit hours electives

05.4473/3 Dendrochronology: Principles and Applications 

05.4473/3 Forest Health and Protection

05.4471/3 Ecological Methodology 

84.4611/3 Environmental Impact Assessment

05.4475/3 Urban Forestry 

9 credit hours of electives.

05.3410/3 Freshwater Ecology 

23.2207/3 Weather and Climate

23.3210/3 Hydrology 

23.3215/3 Biogeography

05.2114/3 Zoology of Higher Invertebrates 

05.4801/3 General Entomology

23.2414/3 The Urban Environment 

23.3304/3 Remote Sensing

23.4308/3 Advanced Geographic Information Systems 

05.4116/6 Biology Honours Thesis

23.2303/3 Aerial Photography

Core Courses: (84 Credit Hours) All courses in this list are required.

23.1201/3 Introductory Atmospheric Science 

41.2310/3 Introduction to Public Administration (Macro)

23.1202/3 Introductory Earth Science 

05.3471/3 Forest Ecology

05.1115/3 Cells and Cellular Processes 

05.3476/3 Forest Policy and Management

05.1116/3 Evolution, Ecology and Biodiversity 

23.3302/3 Principles of Geographic Information Systems

08.1111/3 Intro. to the Chemical Properties of Matter 

84.3607/3 Forests and the Environment

08.1112/3 Basic Principles and Chemical Reactivity 

23.2414/3 The Urban Environment

84.1600/3 Human-Environmental Interactions 

41.3426/3 Aboriginal People and the Law I

14.1104/3 Introduction to Economic Theory 

14.2317/3 Environmental Economics

05.2153/3 Biology of Vascular Plants 

05.4474/3 Forest Health and Protection

05.2403/3 Principles of Ecology 

05.4475/3 Urban Forestry

23.2309/3 Statistical Techniques in Environmental Analysis 

84.4611/6 Environmental Impact Assessment

84.2603/3 Environmental Sustainability

35.2233/3 Environmental Ethics 

Plus 3 credit hours of field courses.

84.2606/3 Business and the Environment

Suggested Electives: 23.2204/3 Human Impact on the Environment; 23.4308/3 Advanced Geographic Information Systems; 41.3331/3 Public Policy Process; 41.3450/3 Sustainability and Environmental Politics; 41.3434/3 Aboriginal Politics in Manitoba; 41.4127/3 Aboriginal Peoples and the Law II; 47.2801/3 Aboriginal Spirituality I; 47.2802/3 Aboriginal Spirituality II, 61.1200/6 Conflict Resolution Studies, 84.3608/3 Forest Wildlife Management.

23.1201/3 Introductory Atmospheric Science 

23.1202/3 Introductory Earth Science

05.1115/3 Cells and Cell Processes 

05.1116/3 Evolution, Ecology and Biodiversity

08.1111/3 Intro. to the Chemical Properties of Matter 

08.1112/3 Basic Principles of Chemical Reactivity

84.1600/3 Human-Environmental Interactions 

14.1104/3 Introduction to Economic Theory

6 credit hours Humanities electives or 3 credit hours Humanities and 3 credit hours Academic Writing.

FOREST ORIENTATION KC.RRR.1200/1 (Field Week at Keewatin Community College [KCC] - [1 credit hour]).

05.2153/3 Biology of Vascular Plants 

05.2403/3 Principles of Ecology

23.2309/3 Statistical Techniques in Environmental Analysis 

84.2603/3 Environmental Sustainability

35.2233/3 Environmental Ethics 

84.2606/3 Business and the Environment

41.2310/3 Introduction to Public Administration (Macro)

6 credit hours of electives.

FOREST FIELD COURSE 05.4451/2 (two week [14 day] field course [2 credit hours]).

05.3471/3 Forest Ecology 

23.3302/3 Principles of Geographic Information Sys.

05.4476/3 Forest Policy and Management 

23.2414/3 The Urban Environment

84.3607/3 Forests and the Environment 

14.2317/3 Environmental Economics

41.3426/3 Aboriginal People and the Law I

3 credit hours Humanities and 6 credit hours of electives.

05.4474/3 Forest Health and Protection 

05.4475/3 Urban Forestry

84.4611/6 Environmental Impact Assessment

18 credit hours of electives.

23.4308/3 Advanced Geographic Information Systems 

23.2204/3 Human Impact on the Environment

41.3420/3 Sustainability and Environmental Politics 

47.2801/3 Aboriginal Spirituality I

41.3331/3 Public Policy Process 

47.2802/3 Aboriginal Spirituality II

41.3434/3 Aboriginal Politics in Manitoba 

41.4127/3 Aboriginal Peoples and the Law II

61.1200/6 Introduction to Conflict Resolution Studies 

84.3608/3 Forest Wildlife Management

Prerequisites: Pre-Calculus Math 40S or Applied Math 40S or the former 32.0005/3 or 32.0001/6 and Chemistry 40S. Students who have credit in one, but not in both, Chemistry 40S and Pre-Calculus Mathematics 40S may, under certain conditions, qualify to register in this course.

RESTRICTIONS: Students may not receive credit for this course and the former 05.1111/6. Consult the Department Chair. Cells and Cellular Processes is a prerequisite for all 2000, 3000 and 4000-level courses in Biology. It is also a required course for entry to Agriculture, Dentistry, Human Ecology, Medical Rehabilitation, Nursing Education, Optometry, Pharmacy and Veterinary Medicine.

05.1116/3 EVOLUTION, ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY (Le3,La3) This course emphasizes the evolutionary and ecological processes that underlie the relationship of an organism to its environment. Specific topics addressed will include natural selection and the origin of species, systematics and taxonomy, the origin of biological diversity, growth and reproductive strategies, communities and ecosystems. The laboratory component of this course will supplement and support the lecture material. It is designed for students who intend to (a) major in Biology, (b) take a teaching Major or Minor in Biology in the B.Ed. program, (c) take a B.Sc. in Environmental Biology, (d) take a B.A. in the B stream of Developmental Studies.

Prerequisites: Pre-Calculus Math 40S or Applied Math 40S or the former 32.0005/3 or 32.0001/6 and Chemistry 40S. Students who have credit in one, but not in both, Chemistry 40S and Pre-Calculus Mathematics 40S may, under certain conditions, qualify to register in this course.

05.2153/3 BIOLOGY OF VASCULAR PLANTS (Le3,La3) This course explores the evolution and ecology of the nine extant groups of vascular plants. Their success in ancient and contemporary environments is examined through consideration of structural diversity, life history and reproductive biology. Emphasis will be placed on local flora.

Prerequisites: 05.1115/3 and 05.1116/3, or the former 05.1111/6. Students may not hold credit for 05.2153/3 and the former 05.2151/6.

05.2403/3 PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY (Le3,La3) This course is concerned with general concepts in ecology. Topics covered will include energy flow, biochemical cycles, populations, communities and human ecology.

Prerequisites: 05.1115/3 and 05.1116/3, or the former 05.1111/6. Restrictions: Students may not hold credit for both 05.2403/3 and the former 05.3403/6 or 05.3402/3.

05.3152/3 FLOWERING PLANTS IN MANITOBA (Le3,La3) Because knowledge of the flora of Manitoba is essential to field biologists, this course includes discussion of the origin and present composition of the Manitoba flora, identification, description, collection, nomenclature, classification and evolutionary relationships of plants. Laboratory work consists of examination of more important plant families and habitats in the province.

Prerequisites: 05.2152/3 and 05.2153/3, or the former 05.2151/6. Students are required to submit a mounted and identified collection of plants as part of the laboratory exercises. This collection should be initiated in the summer preceding registration in the course. Students should contact the Instructor for further details

05.3471/3 FOREST ECOLOGY (Le3,La3) This course provides an integrative, interdisciplinary discussion on structure and function of forest ecosystems, with a special reference to boreal forests in North America. Topics to be covered will include the following: the concept of ecosystem studies; global and local variations in forest type; forest ecosystem classification; processes controlling ecosystem structure and function; disturbances, succession, and ecosystem function of boreal forests; and computer modelling in ecosystem studies.

Prerequisites: 05.2403/3 or the former 05.3403/3 or 23.2203/6 (Soils and Vegetation).

05.3473/3 PRINCIPLES OF SILVICULTURE (Le3,La3) Silvics is the study of trees and their environments. This course is concerned with ecological and silvical characteristics of forest trees. Emphasis will be given to species of the Canadian boreal forest that are native to Manitoba. Topics to be covered will include: habitat, life history, genetics, and special use of particular tree species; the research methods of silvics; and application of silvics to silviculture and forest ecosystem management.

05.4471/3 ECOLOGICAL METHODOLOGY (Le3,La3) This course is concerned with ecological methodology as well as the use of computers to analyze, interpret, and present ecological data. Topics to be covered will include the following: the nature and properties of measurements; graphic presentation, statistical analysis, and ecological interpretation of data; sampling and experimental design; and selected methodologies in studying forest ecosystems.

Prerequisites: One of 23.2203/6, 05.2403/3 or 05.3471/3 and one of 53.1501/3, 23.2309/3, 23.2310/3 or 05.3492/3 or permission of instructor.

05.4473/3 DENDROCHRONOLOGY: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS (Le3,La3) This course constitutes an introduction to dendrochronology; the science of tree-ring analysis. Dendrochronology is particularly appropriate for students with interests in the chronological and dynamical aspects of tree growth, forest ecology, climatology, hydrology, geomorphology and anthropology/archaeology. The history, principles and applications of dendrochronology will be reviewed in this course. Problems related to the sampling and dating of tree-ring series; the development of chronological series, the analysis and interpretation of dendrochronological data will also be emphasized

Prerequisites: 05.3403/3 or 05.2403/3 and 05.2153/3 or permission of instructor.

05.4474/3 FOREST HEALTH AND PROTECTION (Le3) This course focuses on the effect of fire, insect, disease and abiotic disturbances on the sustainable management of commercial forests in Canada, and examines the impact of forest health management on forestry activities and planning. The historic course covers historic practices, current activities, and future trends in protecting commercial forests and ensuring the integrity of forest ecosystems. It will emphasize the impact of forest health activities on the general ecological components of forest systems, the relationship between forest succession, and the evolution of Canadian forestry protection policy and industry regulation.

Prerequisites: 05.2114/3 and 05.2153/3 or permission of the instructor.

05.4475/3 URBAN FORESTRY (Le3,LaV) This course focuses on the biology, ecology, and management of urban forests. It examines the impact of both natural and human-induced stresses on the urban forest, and focuses on its protection and enhancement in relation to other competing interests in the urban environment. It considers the evolution of urban forest planning and management and examines Canadian policies and regulations in relation to differing tress species, urban ecosystems and the influence of natural forests that may surround the urban forest.

Prerequisites: 05.2114/3 and 05.2153/3 or permission of the instructor.

05.4476/3 FOREST POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (Le3) This course focuses on the principals and practices of sustainable forestry in Canada. It outlines the evolution of the Canadian forest industry, examining past and current forestry policy, practices and legal frameworks. Topics include harvesting , reforestation forest protection, private wood lot forestry, and speciality products, as well as the acts, regulations, codes and guidelines which govern these aspects of forestry. The course examines the place of Canadian forestry within the larger context of multi-resource management, multi-stakeholder processes, and the global market. The environmental impact of forest management activities on the landscape is examined in light of ever changing environmental codes and restrictions and the need to produce "green products."

08.1111/3 INTRODUCTION TO THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER (Le3,La3) This course will include an introduction to atomic and molecular structure, chemical bonding, chemical reactivity, to the bulk properties of matter, and the descriptive chemistry of the elements. The laboratory component will introduce students to basic chemistry laboratory practice and techniques. The fundamental chemical concepts introduced in this course provide a solid base for students who wish to continue with 08.1112/3 Basic Principles of Chemical Reactivity.

Prerequisites: Chemistry 40S and Pre-Calculus or Applied Mathematics 40S.

08.1112/3 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL REACTIVITY (Le3,La3) This course will include an introduction to chemical kinetics, chemical thermodynamics and equilibrium, and to acid/base and oxidation/reduction chemical reactions. The laboratory component will introduce students to some of the basic techniques of practical chemistry. The fundamental concepts of chemical reactivity covered in this course provide the essential foundation for students who wish to continue with Chemistry or Biochemistry as a major, and for students of Biology, Physics, Physical Geography, Environmental Studies, and Experimental Psychology.

14.1104/3 INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMIC THEORY (Le3) This course provides a compressed introduction to the principles of micro- and macro-economic theory. It is designed for students in the Environmental/Urban Studies Programs, and is appropriate for both B.A. and B.Sc. students. It may also be of interest to students majoring in other disciplines or interdisciplinary programs, seeking to obtain an overview of current economic theory. The course may serve as a prerequisite for all second-year courses in Economics, with the exception of 14.2101/3 and 14.2102/3, if a minimum grade of C is achieved; students who subsequently decide to major in Economics require a minimum grade of B for admission to 14.2101/3. Students cannot also hold credit in other 1000-level Economics courses.

23.1201/3 INTRODUCTORY ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE (Le3,La2) This course is an introduction to the atmospheric sciences of climatology and meteorology. The introduction to climatology examines how and why average atmospheric conditions (i.e. climates) vary from place to place and over time (e.g. over months, years, centuries). The introduction to meteorology surveys the nature of the atmosphere and the causes and characteristics of short-term atmospheric conditions (i.e. weather). Methods of collecting and analyzing climate and weather data are reviewed, as are the ways in which atmospheric processes interact with other components of the ecosphere (i.e., the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, humans).

23.1202/3 INTRODUCTORY EARTH SCIENCE (Le3,La2) This course introduces students to geomorphology, the study of landforms and landscapes on the surface of the Earth. Processes of geologic (mountain building, volcanism, etc.) And geomorphic change (weathering, erosion, and deposition by water, ice, and wind) will be surveyed.

23.2207/3 WEATHER AND CLIMATE (Le3,La2) The physical principles of meteorology and climatology are examined and used to explain spatial and temporal variations in weather and climate. Laboratory exercises involve the analysis and presentation of meteorological data.

23.2309/3 STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS (Le3,La1) This course is an introduction to statistics. Topics include measurement scales, descriptive univariate statistics, chi square and measures of correlation, Spearman correlation, and bivariate linear regression and correlation. All assignment data will be analyzed by computer using SPSS/PC*.

23.3302/3 PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (Le3,La2) This course provides a systematic overview of GIS methodology covering the essential principles of data acquisition, input, storage, manipulation, and output. Aspects of GIS including problem definition and project management will also be covered. The laboratory component of the course provides hands-on experience with the use of one or lmore state-of-the-art GIS software packages.

35.2233/3 ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS (Le3) The course will examine principles and problems related to our responsibilities for the world in which we live. Typical topics may include the following: the implications of ecology for ethics, our obligations to future human generations, the varieties of value which might be found in the world of nature, and tensions between ideals of liberty and justice under conditions of scarcity. A required course for the Environmental Studies degree.

84.1600/3 HUMAN-ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS (Le3) This course will deal with a variety of topics which illustrate the complexity and diversity of environmental issues. The central theme is "understanding natural processes in the environment" as a means of measuring human impact. Topics dealt with will reflect current environmental concerns–for example, global warming, overexploitation, wildlife management, urban issues, health issues.

84.3607/3 FORESTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT (Le3) This course is intended to provide students a with fundamental knowledge of the interactions between human and forest ecosystems. Traditionally, forests have been viewed as an infinite resource. Recently, this view is being challenged by forest ecologists, environmentalists, professional foresters and government regulators. This course will study new alternatives in forest resources management based on our growing knowledge of the natural dynamics of these ecosystems. The concepts underlying forest sustainability and forest conservation will be examined.

This course examines the management of wildlife populations in forested environments in Canada. The management of forest wildlife has become a major focus of resources industries, governments and other forest stakeholders. Students will study forest biodiversity and terrestrial and aquatic forest wildlife species, conservation strategies, forest fragmentation, course and fine filter approaches, core habitat, habitat supply and modelling, legislation and guidelines, adaptive forest management and importance of forest ecosystem classification to successful wildlife management.

84.4611/6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (Le3) This course explores the methodology of environmental impact assessment (EIA). Students learn about various types of EIA, the components of EIA review, the regulatory aspects of EIA, and how to complete their own EIA. Students are expected to undertake EIA examples in both written and oral form.

05.2474/3 FOREST MEASUREMENT (Le3) Students will study the various methods, techniques and statistical approaches to measuring tree growth and assessing forest inventory. This course will examine individual tree growth and measurement (growth and yield) and the measurement of standing and harvested trees from an inventory and volume perspective.

See previous descriptions plus:

23.2414/3 THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT (Le3) This course will include explanations of the internal structures of cities and how these are changing in response to emerging technologies social and economic circumstances. Contemporary urban problems, including sustainable cities will be addressed.

41.2328/3 INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (Macro) (Le3) This course begins with an examination of the major structures of public policy making, such as Cabinet, Privy Council Office, departments etc. It then proceeds to theories of policy making, including budgeting. Next are policy instruments such as spending and taxation, private corporations, crown corporations etc.

41.3426/3 ABORIGINAL PEOPLE AND THE LAW I (Le3) This course begins with an examination of the constitutional status of Canadian native people, from the Royal Proclamation of 1763 to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. It includes discussions of both Federal and Provincial powers and responsibilities in regard to native people and also native government as well as native land rights, hunting and taxation.

84.2603/3 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY (Le 3) This course focuses on environmental factors relevant to the understanding and implementing of sustainable development. It teaches students to understand and appreciate fundamental ecological principals within the context of social values and technological constraints. The course seeks to equip students to assess environmental problems from an interdisciplinary perspective and to develop strategies that might help solve these problems. Topics include concepts of carrying capacity, feedback in environmental processes, population thresholds, optimum yield theory, deforestation, desertification, urbanization, global warming and resource management and conservation.

84.2606/3 BUSINESS AND THE ENVIRONMENT (Le3) This course introduces students to the Federal and Provincial environmental legislation as it pertains to business interests. Topics include: WHIMIS regulations, transportation of dangerous goods, industrial waste, emergency response planning, contaminated sites cleanup, and industrial waste. This course also examines best management practices, due diligence, product stewardship and the concerns of the banking and insurance industries in a case study approach.